Africa's contributions to world civilization, the development of Europe and the Americas are often downplayed, sometimes even ignored. There is no denying that we have come a long way from the time when scholars asserted that Africa had no history. It has certainly been a very difficult and painful journey through pre-colonial times, slavery, colonialism, the cold war and neo-colonialism. In our time, structural adjustment, militarism, and civil wars have taken their toll on the continent. In spite of these, Africa continues to move forward, albeit slowly and gradually, into the 21st century. Militarism has given way to democracy (even if it is sometimes propelled forward by western pressures and IMF conditionalities). What needs to happen is democratization, promotion of literacy and technological development, good governance, respect for majority and minority rights, respect for human rights, state institutions, and job creation programmes to ensure a higher lower cost of living. Therein lies the recipe for further development.

This site is dedicated to these goals through the study and dissemination of information about Africa, a critical analyses of Africa's problems and an in-depth analysis of possible solutions. All are welcome to participate in the debate/ discussion/ discourse.

One love.

Edmund Abaka.

Development of Western Civilization I.This is a lecture and readings course beginning with the evolution of the human species and paying attention to the origins of civilized life in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Crete, Greece and Rome.

Development of Western Civilization - II. This lecture and readings course is designed to assist students in understanding the major political, economic, and social events which have shaped European society since the Reformation.